Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 20, №2, 2025
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Клініко-епідеміологічне значення стрес-індукованого впливу психотравмуючих факторів війни в Україні та пандемії COVID-19 на розвиток патологічних змін серцево-судинної системи у дітей
Авторы: Бардась Д.С., Мітюряєва-Корнійко І.О.
Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, м. Київ, Україна
Рубрики: Педиатрия/Неонатология
Разделы: Справочник специалиста
Версия для печати
Резюме
Серцево-судинні захворювання (ССЗ) залишаються однією з головних причин захворюваності та смертності в усьому світі. Водночас вони дедалі частіше виявляються як наслідок впливу несприятливих факторів у дитинстві. Дані епідеміологічних досліджень підтверджують, що вплив соціально-економічного неблагополуччя та психологічного стресу у періоди раннього розвитку мають вирішальне значення для формування ризику ССЗ у дорослому віці. Україна в останні роки переживає тривалі періоди кризи, зокрема воєнні конфлікти та пандемію COVID-19. Ці обставини суттєво впливають на соціально-економічний статус сімей і здоров’я дітей. За даними Bürgin і співавт. (2023), проживання у зоні конфлікту та вимушена міграція мають далекосяжні наслідки для психосоціального та фізичного здоров’я дітей, створюючи додаткові ризики розвитку хронічних патологій, зокрема ССЗ. Незважаючи на значну кількість доказів щодо зв’язку дитячого стресу з дорослими захворюваннями, роль психосоціальних факторів у дитячому віці залишається недостатньо вивченою у контексті їх впливу на формування серцево-судинної патології. Особливо це стосується патофізіологічних механізмів, як-от активація нейроендокринної системи, епігенетичне програмування, метаболічні порушення та судинна дисфункція.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, they are increasingly emerging as a consequence of adverse factors inherent in childhood. Epidemiological research data confirm that critical periods of early development, in particular the influence of socio-economic disadvantage and psychological stress, are of decisive importance for the formation of CVD risk in adulthood. In recent years, Ukraine has been experiencing prolonged periods of crisis, in particular military conflicts and the COVID-19 pandemic. These circumstances significantly affect the socio-economic status of families and the health of children. According to Bürgin et al. (2023), living in a conflict zone and forced migration have far-reaching consequences for the psychosocial and physical health of children, creating additional risks of developing chronic pathologies, in particular CVD. Despite the significant body of evidence linking childhood trauma to adult disease, the role of psychosocial factors in childhood remains poorly understood in terms of their contribution to cardiovascular disease, particularly pathophysiological mechanisms such as neuroendocrine activation, epigenetic programming, metabolic abnormalities, and vascular dysfunction.
Ключевые слова
дитяча психотравма; серцево-судинні захворювання; стрес; соціальні детермінанти здоров’я; профілактика; війна в Україні; COVID-19; огляд
childhood trauma; cardiovascular diseases; stress; social determinants of health; prevention; war in Ukraine; COVID-19; review
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