Журнал "Здоров`я дитини" Том 16, №7, 2021
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Локалізація та транслокація зрілих мікроРНК
Автори: Абатуров О.Є., Бабич В.Л.
Дніпровський державний медичний університет, м. Дніпро, Україна
Рубрики: Педіатрія/Неонатологія
Розділи: Довідник фахівця
Версія для друку
У науковому огляді наведені шляхи ядерного імпорту та експорту мікроРНК у клітині. Авторами надана чітка та доступна схема транслокації мікроРНК у клітині. У статті відображено, що основним місцем локалізації в цитоплазмі клітини комплексу RISC і його компонентів, у тому числі і мікроРНК, є процесингові P-тільця. Автори наводять факт того, що і протеїни Argonaute — сигнатурні компоненти ефекторного комплексу інтерференції РНК RISC локалізуються в P-тільцях ссавців. Відомо, що протеїни родини каріоферинів опосередковують транслокацію miRISC в ядро клітини. Дані протеїни розпізнають послідовності ядерної локалізації в амінокислотних послідовностях протеїнів й активно транспортують дані протеїни через пори ядерної мембрани клітини. Підкреслено, що, крім неселективних механізмів ядерного імпорту мікроРНК, існують і транспортні механізми, які переносять певні мікроРНК через мембрану клітини. Наведені деякі мікроРНК, що переважно локалізуються в ядрі певного типу клітин. Науковці вважають, що значна частина мікроРНК ядра сконцентрована в полісомах. Експорт мікроРНК ядерного пулу в цитоплазму клітини відбувається за допомогою експортину-1. Таким чином, в цитоплазмі клітини накопичуються зрілі форми мікроРНК, частина з яких транслокується в ядро клітини або в екстрацелюлярний простір. Складання комплексу miRISC здійснюється в цитоплазмі клітини, і тільки після формування комплексу відбувається його імпорт в ядро клітини. Спектр екзосомасоційованих мікроРНК може бути високозначущим діагностичним критерієм для деяких нозологій, а екзосоми, що містять певні мікроРНК, можуть використовуватися для цілеспрямованої терапії конкретних захворювань. Для написання статті здійснювався пошук інформації з використанням баз даних Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka.
The scientific review shows the ways of nuclear import and export of miRNAs in the cell. The authors present a clear and accessible scheme of microRNA translocation in the cell. The article shows that the main site of localization in the cytoplasm of cells of the RISC complex and its components, including miRNAs, are processing P-cells. The authors cite the fact that Argonaute proteins — signature components of the effector complex of RISC RNA interference — are localized in mammalian P-bodies. It is shown that proteins of the karyopherin family mediate the translocation of miRISC into the cell nucleus. These proteins recognize nuclear localization sequences (NLS) in the amino acid sequences of proteins and actively transport these proteins through the pores of the cell’s nuclear membrane. It is emphasized that in addition to non-selective mechanisms of nuclear import of miRNAs, there are transport mechanisms that carry certain miRNAs across the cell membrane. Some miRNAs are presented, which are mainly localized in the nucleus of a certain type of cell. Scientists believe that much of the nucleus miRNA is concentrated in polysomes. Export of nuclear pool microRNA into the cytoplasm of the cell occurs with the help of export 1. Thus, in the cytoplasm of the cell, mature forms of microRNA accumulate, some of which are translocated to the cell nucleus or the extracellular space. Assembly of the miRISC complex is carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell, and only after the formation of the complex, it is imported into the cell nucleus. The spectrum of exosome-associated miRNAs can be a highly important diagnostic criterion for some nosologies, and exosomes containing certain miRNAs can be used for targeted therapy of specific diseases. To write the article, information was searched using databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka.
мікроРНК; транслокація мікроРНК; P-тільця; локалізація мікроРНК; РНК-індукований сайленсинговий комплекс; огляд
microRNA; microRNA translocation; P-bodies; microRNA localization; RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); review
Вступ
Цитоплазматична локалізація зрілих мікроРНК
Імпорт мікроРНК в ядро клітини
Ядерна локалізація мікроРНК
Експорт мікроРНК з ядра клітини
Екстрацелюлярні мікроРНК
Висновки
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